Introduction

The dimensioning and stress calculation of plate structures under various loads is a standard task of the daily engineering practice. Panes varying from a rectangular form, point supported glass or laminated glass can no more be calculated by table works or manual formula but have to be evaluated by the method of the finite elements.
In the glass building sector the systems to be examined are often very similar. But if boundary conditions, fixings or the thickness must be changed every time new meshes must be created. For the calculation of laminated safety glass generally there was need to work with volume elements.
The bearing conditions are often special variants like elastic rubber supports, point fixings or edge clampings, which take a long time to generate. The evaluation of the calculation results then always follows the same method (deformations, stresses, proof) and so far must be read out explicitly of the finite element data in an expensive way.
Additionally, there is hardly a possibility to calculate insulating glass units (from 2, 3 or 4 laminated glass panes) if any pane shape shall be examined or geometrically non-linear approaches shall be used.
This is where this program MEPLA PRO applies:
All inputs, like the geometry, the support conditions, the kind of loads, the calculation approach or the requested output, are guided and displayed by input masks. The control and output of the results occurs visually in a graphics window and some calculation protocols, which can be used for the design assessment. Special new finite element methods allow the simple input and quick calculation of sandwich structures (laminated glass), so that the entire problem can be solved at shortest time (within a few minutes). This makes the program suitable for both structural calculations and design, for which it offers a wide range of calculation options:
Front end

- New: Fully new front end with enhanced possibilities
- New: Interactive design
- New: Utilities for setting up the geometry like building holes, rounding corners, selecting edges, simply adding more structures,...
- New: Interactive drawing window for selection and positioning of loads, clamps, ..
- New: Option to see directly the generated mesh
Geometry

- Automated mesh generation for any system build from straight or curved borders only by defining the corner points
- Any system shapes including cut-offs and holes are possible
- Mesh set up by only one element size
- New: automated mesh refinement along arcs, short edges or local point loads
- New: Any number of structures can be assembled together
- New: Insulated glass areas selectable
- The mesh including all added point supports is build automatically
Layer
- Laminated glass considering the stiffness of the interlayer material PVB. The user has only to define the layer order.
- Sandwich theory is used to consider real behaviour (no approximation!)
- Any layer design up to 20 layers is possible; also for insulated glass units
- Calculation of insulation glass considering the real gas pressure law
- Up to 3 gaps under any loading (climate loads like pressure differences, thermal expansion of the gas, external loads, pendulum impact,…) can be given
Boundary Conditions

- Automated generation of point fixings only by defining the position
- Eccentricities for bending effects are considered
- New: Added a new clamp option to allow any design like balustrade clips, glass shoes, fin connectors, door hinges, ring clamps...
- New: A lot of predefined parametric clamps
- New: Option to add own new clamp designs
- New: Automatically refined element mesh along these clamps
- Properties of the point fixings can be stored in a database and can be directly chosen for insertion
- All point fixings can be calculated with contact algorithm
- Countersunk, disk or special fixings with covering layers
- Balustrade clips with circular or angular shape
- Clamps with circular or angular shape; also toggle design clamping only the inner glass of IGU
- Bonded point fixing without building a hole
- Special predefined insulated glass fixings
- Considering the stiffness of the sub-construction or special mechanisms (e.g. a ball shaped head)
- Applying also forces or moments at point fixings
- Optional use of springs or bars to connect the point fixing

- Point supported insulating glass units are possible
- Spacers in insulated glass units
- New: Spacers, beams, elast. supports now also inside the glass
- Elastic edge or line supports including contact condition
- Elastic beams acting along the edges
- Any position of local springs with translational and rotational degrees of freedom
- Elastically bonded edges and structural glazing
- New: New area supports to consider clamped faces
- New: Fin or balustrade connectors are possible now
Loads

- Face loads, line loads, water pressure, dead weight
- Any point loads distributed over a definable area
- All loads can be combined
- Calculation of stresses resulting from temperature differences given for each layer
- Dynamical calculation of the pendulum impact for single-layer glass, laminated and insulated glass units of any design
- The drop height of the pendulum and the impact point can be chosen freely
- Dynamically calculated pressure hits like wind blasts
- Enhanced Kelvin-Voigt impact model including damping. This is an alternative to the pendulum body and allows also to model persons, animals or other impacts like footballs, …
- New: Refined element mesh at local load positions for higher accuracy and less computation time
- New: Completely revised load case generation

- Stress check according to any Standard/Codes (pre-installed DIN 18008, DIN EN16612, Ö-Norm, NEN2608, SIA 2057, CAN CGSB 12.20, …)
- Free selectable safety and combination factors for Ultimate Limit State and Serviceability Limit State
- The formula can be written by the customer himself for actually not included norms (a formula interpreter allows to consider any formula)
- For each type of load a separate load duration factor (k_mod) can be given
- Several adjustments for the way of load combination possible
- New own Codes can be added any time
Options

- All subsequent calculations can be made linear or geometrically non-linear (large deformations)
- Special output selections like reaction forces, distance change…
- Additional output points possible for special stress and deflection results
- Distance change in insulated glass as a diagram over time
- Model to check remaining capacity of broken glass or the probable cracking behaviour
- Design check related to preset Code Templates
- Stress check according to user defined or preset design code formula
- Considering of load duration effects (kmod) or other special factors
- Parallel check of free glass edges with reduced strength including bore hole rims
- Parallel check of coated glass surfaces (enamelled)
- Proof of shortening effects also during impact
- Applying loads in several steps, also possible together with Load Cases
Results - Graphic

- Output of curve diagrams for forces, deformations and stresses during the impact period for any predefined position
- Printable protocol for the structural assessment including all settings, maximum stresses, deflections, reaction forces
- Multi-language protocol version (German, English, French, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Polish and Czech)
- Additional protocol with load case results and design proof
- Tabulated condensed output
- Open format to be used in any word processing program
- Tabulated listing of each load case result
- ULS and/or SLS design check

- Manifold evaluation possibilities in the post-processor
- Stresses over the plate thickness and the layer order at any point
- Display of the impactors in slow-motion
- New buttons BACK, FIRST, GOTO to walk through all time steps
- Displaying the Kelvin-Voigt impact model for enhanced impactors
- Output of all stress components
- Display of the spring reaction forces
- Vector-plot of the principal stresses
- Magnification of deformations and much more
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